November 2009
You Asked. We Answered.
At the Inquiry Answer Service, we answer, on average, more than 300 questions
for our subscribers each month. We consult a variety of sources to create a
custom research packet — which may include APA publications, sample ordinances
and plans, articles and literature from partner organizations, and the most
current information available online — for each question.
Each month, we choose one question to feature here, so you can see what your
peers around the country are asking and how we answered. As a PAS subscriber, you also have access to previous editions.
You Asked.
How can we improve our zoning code?
We are about to begin the process of updating our zoning ordinance, so I am looking for information regarding organization and revision of existing zoning codes to make them more user friendly, easy to read, and better organized.
We Answered.
A number of communities have recently embarked upon revisions of their zoning codes; their aims are both to ensure that their land development regulations are written to produce their desired development outcomes, as well as to make the zoning code user-friendly and easy to understand and use by staff and residents alike. An older zoning code can contain archaic and outdated language, and a steady stream of amendments over the years can result in inconsistent term usage and a patchworked and disorganized document.
Some techniques for updating a zoning ordinance to be more user-friendly include using clear, concise, consistent language; deleting or revising archaic definitions and terminology; providing an index and detailed table of contents, as well as cross-referencing where helpful; providing an online interface for the full document; using illustrations and graphics to better demonstrate requirements; and consolidating and grouping related regulations. Additionally, an important first step in the process is to carefully analyze your existing code to identify any problems so that they may all be addressed in the rewrite.
A code update is also the best time to ensure that your land use regulations confirm with the community vision and plan. This is achieved by reviewing the zoning ordinance to identify any inconsistencies between stated intentions and actual practices and to ensure internal consistency. A smart growth audit allows a community to review existing codes to remove barriers to smart growth policy implementation and create regulatory language to allow desired development patterns to occur. There are a number of audit checklists available that can be used to help you easily evaluate your current code and make suggestions for improvements.
ld-be chicken keepers to get written consent from adjacent neighbors before acquiring chickens.
Resource List
- APA Education. 1998. "Updating the Zoning Ordinance." CD-ROM. www.planning.org/apastore/Search/Default.aspx?p=3422
- Bredin, John B. 2002. "Common Problems with Zoning Ordinances." Zoning News, December.
- Clearzoning.com. www.clearzoning.com
- Coral Gables (Fla.), City of. 2006. "City of Coral Gables Proposed Land Development Regulations and Zoning Code: 2005 Executive Summary." www.citybeautiful.net/NR/rdonlyres/DCE59A6B-F6AD-465A-B9BA-FAC52F47CE3A/537/Executive_Summarymodesbycls.pdf
- Dyett & Bhatia, Urban and Regional Planners. 2007. "City of Mesa [AZ] Zoning Ordinance Update: Issues and Options." Working Paper, prepared for City of Mesa Planning Division. www.mesaaz.gov/Planning/ZoningOrdinanceRewrite/Documents/IssuesOptions-Final-31907.pdf
- Easley, V. Gail. 2008. "Overhauling Your Zoning Code." Zoning Practice, December. www.planning.org/zoningpractice/2008/pdf/dec.pdf
www.planning.org/zoningpractice/ask/2009/jan.htm - Lebanon (Ore.), City of. 2008. "Summary of Key Differences in New Lebanon Development Code (LDC) in Comparison With Existing (1980) LZO And LSO." www.ci.lebanon.or.us/files/active/2/Summary.pdf
- Lerable, Charles. 1995. Preparing a Conventional Zoning Ordinance. Planning Advisory Service Report Number 460. Chicago: American Planning Association.
- Lerable, Charles. 1994. "Making Zoning Codes More Readable." Parts 1 & 2. Zoning News, June & July.
- Meck, Stuart. 2006. "The Sensibility of Unified Development Codes." Zoning Practice, June. www.planning.org/zoningpractice/2006/pdf/jun.pdf
- Morris, Marya. 2009. "Development Codes and Smart Growth." Chapter 2 in Smart Codes: Model Land-Development Regulations. Planning Advisory Service Report Number 556. Chicago: American Planning Association.
- Pollock, Leslie. 1999. "So You're Gonna Revise the Zoning Ordinance!" Parts 1 and 2. Zoning News, May and June.
- Porter, Timothy, and Teree Bergman. 2005. Indiana Citizen Planner's Guide. Part 8: Zoning Ordinance. Indiana Planning Association. www.indianaplanning.org/Citizen/8_ZoningOrdinance_2005.pdf
- Taintor & Associates, Inc., and Eaton Planning. 2006. City of Portsmouth [NH] Zoning Ordinance, Subdivision Regulations, and Site Review Regulations Revision Project: Zoning Ordinance Audit Report.www.cityofportsmouth.com/planning/ZoningOrdinanceAuditReport.pdf
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. "Smart Growth — Municipal Level Scorecards." www.epa.gov/piedpage/scorecards/municipal.htm
- Wack, Paul. 2000. "The Purpose of Purpose Statements in Zoning Ordinances." Zoning News, March.
Related PAS Products
- Davidson, Michael, and Fay Dolnick, editors. 2004. A Planners Dictionary. Planning Advisory Service Report Number521/522.
www.planning.org/pas/reports/subscribers/dictionary.htm
- Davidson, Michael, and Fay Dolnick, editors. 2002. Parking Standards. Planning Advisory Service Report Number510/511.
www.planning.org/pas/reports/subscribers/parking.htm
- Weitz, Jerry. 2002. "Conducting a Smart Growth Audit." PAS Memo. April.
- Weitz, Jerry, and Leora Susan Waldner. 2002. Smart Growth Audits. Planning Advisory Service Report Number 512. Chicago: American Planning Association.
Ready to Ask Your Question?
Online Inquiry