Making Drive-Thrus a Boon, Not a Bane
Zoning Practice — December 2022
By Dwight Merriam, FAICP
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It is hard to overstate what the COVID-19 pandemic did to promote drive-through service. In a matter of days in March 2020, restaurants and other businesses scrambled to prioritize drive-through, drive-up, or carry-out service. While indoor dining bans were relatively short-lived in most communities, demand for drive-through service has remained high.
Most zoning is ultimately contextual. So too it is with drive-throughs, which are exceedingly beneficial in some locations, and utterly destructive to some objectives of planning and zoning when they are allowed in the wrong places. The challenge, sometimes a conundrum, is to decide when they are appropriate and, if so, how to best regulate them, leveraging the benefits and avoiding the burdens.
This issue of Zoning Practice explores how good planning and zoning can respond to increased demand for drive-through service. It begins with a quick look back to the days of carhops and their effects on subsequent drive-through services. Then, recognizing how the pandemic has affected a sea change in service, it presents a framework for regulating drive-throughs with floating zones, overlays, and use-specific standards.
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About the Author
Dwight Merriam, FAICP
Dwight Merriam, FAICP, a lawyer and land use planner, is a Fellow in the American College of Real
Estate Lawyers, a Fellow and Past President and of the American Institute of Certified Planners, Past
Chair of the ABA Section of State and Local Government Law, a Counselor of Real Estate, and the
Connecticut member of Owners’ Counsel of America. Dwight taught for 40 years as an adjunct
professor in several law schools. He has published over 200 articles and 13 books, including co-
authoring the casebook, PLANNING AND CONTROL OF LAND DEVELOPMENT, and co-authoring the
treatise RATHKOPF’S THE LAW OF ZONING AND PLANNING with Prof. Sara Bronin. He is the author of
CONNECTICUT LAND USE LAW and Practice 4th. Dwight served as an active duty and reserve Surface
Warfare Officer in the U.S. Navy, including three Vietnam deployments, retiring after 31 years as a
Captain. UMass BA (cum laude), UNC MRP, and Yale JD. www.dwightmerriam.com