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Denver, CO, Small Cell Infrastructure Design Guidelines
April 2018This guide is designed to help wireless facility applicants and installers comply with the city's preferences for small wireless facility deployment in public rights-of-way. -
The Challenge of Paying for Smart Cities Projects
2018by: John Skowron, Michael FlynnThis briefing paper addresses the challenges cities have with finding the resources to pay for Smart Technologies projects. -
Amsterdam Smart City: A World Leader in Smart City Development
Bee Smart City, December 10, 2017by: Lisa Smith, Bee Smart CityThis blog post presents Amsterdam as a Smart City by exploring some of the approaches and solutions adopted by the city. -
Stearns County, MN, Shape Stearns 2040 Comprehensive Plan
Adopted July 2020The county's comprehensive plan includes a Clean Energy focus area in its Agriculture element. -
Inyo County, CA, General Plan
Updated March 2015The county's comprehensive plan includes a Renewable Energy amendment that provides siting guidance for community- and utility-scale solar facilities. -
San Bernardino County, CA, Countywide Plan
Adopted October 2020The county's comprehensive plan includes a Renewable Energy & Conservation element. -
How to Solar Now: A Solar Energy Toolkit for Your Community
January 2021This toolkit is designed to help communities in New York's Hudson Valley and beyond update zoning regulations and improve land-use decision-making processes for large-scale solar development. -
State and Local Planning for Energy
October 2021This interactive map belongs to the Green Building, Solar Energy, and Wind Energy collections. -
Cape Cod Commission, MA, Solar Screening Tool
2021This interactive map is designed to help local jurisdictions, solar developers, and utilities to identify potential sites for large-scale solar development in Barnstable County, Massachusetts. -
Model On-Premise Sign Code
2016by: Andrew Bertucci, Richard CrawfordThis model sign code provides a template to help cities and counties draft content-neutral, science-based sign regulations. -
Everett, WA, Municipal Code
Updated August 2021The city's unified development code defines and regulates micro-housing dwelling units as a distinct land use. -
Smart Growth and the Transportation-Land Use Connection: What Does the Research Tell Us?
June 2002by: Susan HandyThis report investigates four common assumptions of the transportation – land use connection. -
Sprawl Development: Its Patterns, Consequences, and Measurement
January 2002by: Kent Barnes, John Morgan, Martin RobergeThis report introduces the concept of sprawl and its social and environmental consequences. -
The Runaway American Dream: The Case for Smart Growth in America
October 2005by: F. Kaid BenfieldThis report discusses the challenges of sprawl, including those related to transportation, the environment, and equity. -
Urban Density and Climate Change
April 2009by: David DodmanThis report describes the impact that different urban densities have on greenhouse gas emission, and therefore climate change. -
Sprawl, Smart Growth and Economic Opportunity
June 2002by: John Foster-BeyThis report considers whether there is a relationship between sprawl and social equity, defined as economic opportunity. -
Suburban Sprawl: Exposing Hidden Costs, Identifying Innovations
October 2013by: David ThompsonThis report shares policy tools that cities can use to reduce sprawl, including development and utility charges, property taxes, and transportation pricing reform. -
The Premium for Walkable Development Under Land Use Regulations
2018by: Emily Hamilton, Eli DouradoThis report looks at the impact of walkability on home prices. -
What Is a Walkable Place? The Walkability Debate in Urban Design
Urban Design International 20(4): 274-292, 2015by: Ann ForsythThis article highlights the range of definitions of walkability in urban design. -
Urban Sprawl and Risk for Being Overweight or Obese
American Journal of Public Health, 94(9): 1574-1579, 2004by: Russell LopezThis article uses a multilevel analysis to conclude that there is an association between urban sprawl and obesity. -
Walking Accessibility and Property Prices
Transportation Research Part D, 62(2018): 551-562, 2018by: Linchuan Yang, Bo Wang, Jiangping ZhouThis article investigates housing price premiums or discounts related to walkability in Xiamen, China, using the cumulative opportunity method. -
Urban Expansion, Sprawl and Inequality
Landscape and Urban Planning, 177: 259-265, 2018by: Yehua Dennis Wei, Reid EwingThis article introduces a special issue of Landscape and Urban Planning on the topic of urban sprawl. -
The Walkability Premium in Commercial Real Estate Developments
Real Estate Economics, 39(2): 185-219, 2011by: Gary Pivo, Jeffrey FisherThis article discusses the impact of walkability on property value and investment return. -
Urban Sprawl
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(4): 177-200, 2004by: Thomas Nechyba, Randall WalshThis article tracks the history of sprawl and suburbanization from 1900 – 2000 and discusses negative externalities and equity issues. -
The Effects of New Urbanism on Public Health
Journal of Urban Design, 2019by: Hamid Iravani, Venkat RaoThis article tracks the public health benefits of the 10 principles of New Urbanism using county-level health data and a literature review. -
Compact Cities: Sustainable Urban Forms for Developing Countries
2000by: Mike Jenks, Rod BurgessThis book is a collection of essays that reflect on the value of applying the theory of compact urban form in the context of developing countries. -
Smart Growth and Sustainable Development: Challenges, Solutions and Policy Directions
Local Environment, 7(4): 397-409, 2002by: Don Alexander, Ray TomaltyThis article reports that increased density is associated with efficiencies in infrastructure and reduced automobile dependence, but also with less housing affordability and access to green space. -
Location Efficiency as the Missing Piece of The Energy Puzzle: How Smart Growth Can Unlock Trillion Dollar Consumer Cost Savings
Presented at the 2004 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Asilomar, California, August 2004by: Mary Jean Burer, David Goldstein, John HoltzclawThis article discusses the effect that location efficiency can have on reducing energy use, pollutants, and consumer costs. -
Nudging NIMBY: Do Positive Messages Regarding the Benefits of Increased Housing Density Influence Resident Stated Housing Development Preferences?
Land Use Policy, 54(2016): 276-289, 2016by: Carey Doberstein, Ross Hickey, Eric LiThis article reports that messages sharing the public benefit of increased housing density reduced NIMBYism fourfold. -
The Connection Between Neighborhood Walkability and Life Longevity in a Midsized City
Focus, 13(1): 30-41, 2016by: William Riggs, AICP, John GilderbloomThis article investigates the connection between walkability and health, showing that walkable built environments are predictors of longevity. -
Mixed Use in Theory and Practice: Canadian Experience with Implementing a Planning Principle
Journal of the American Planning Association, 68(1): 71-84, 2007by: Jill GrantThis JAPA article describes the evolution of mixed use theory and practice and explores implementation barriers through example from Canada. -
Local Public Service Costs and the Geography of Development: Evidence from Florida Counties
Journal of Regional Science, 58(1): 5-37, 2018by: Keith Ihlanfeldt, Kevin WillardsenThis article shows that development patterns impact the cost of county public services in Florida. -
The Compact City Fallacy
Journal of Planning Education and Research, 25(1): 11–26, 2005by: Michael NeumanThis article points out the historical and theoretical tensions in the construction of more compact cities, challenging the idea of compact cities as more sustainable than sprawling ones. -
Role of Walkability in Driving Home Values
Leadership and Management in Engineering, 13(3): 123-130, 2013by: Emily WashingtonThis article reviews literature showing that walkability is related to higher home prices and concludes that this premium is related to policy restrictions. -
Travel and the Built Environment A Meta-Analysis
Journal of the American Planning Association, 76(3): 265-294, 2010by: Reid Ewing, Robert CerveroThis article belongs to the Active Transportation and Benefits of Compact, Mixed Use Development collections. -
Collaborative Visioning: Proceed With Caution!:Results from Evaluating Atlanta's Vision 2020 Project
Journal of the American Planning Association, 64(3): 335-349, 2007by: Amy HellingThis article shares lessons learned from VISION 2020, a collaborative visioning project in the Atlanta metropolitan area. -
Critique of the National Association of Home Builders' Research on Land Use Emissions Reduction Impacts
March 2017by: Todd LitmanThis report challenges the National Association of Home Builder’s land use and climate change research, summarized in Climate Change, Density and Development: Better Understanding the Effects of Our Choices. -
Analysis of Public Policies that Unintentionally Encourage and Subsidize Urban Sprawl
March 2015by: Todd LitmanThis report defines sprawl, discusses how it is promoted in current policies, and proposes policy reforms. -
Compact Development: Changing the Rules to Make it Happen
ULI Community Catalyst Report, Number 6, 2007by: Prema Katari GuptaThis report summarizes information shared at four forums regarding how communities can draft regulations that encourage compact development. -
Catalytic Development: (Re)creating Walkable Urban Places
May 2018by: Christopher Leinberger, Tracy Hadden LohThis report presents the catalytic development model, a place-based response to sprawl that prioritizes patient equity, integrated development, and employment opportunities. -
The Costs of Sprawl: Environmental and Economic Costs of Alternative Residential Development Patterns at the Urban Fringe
1974by: Real Estate Research CorporationThis book investigates the environmental and economic impacts of alternative development patterns. -
Density, Distribution and Costs
April 1970by: A.J. DiamondThis report advocates for preserving diversity in the housing stock and for expanding low-rise, high-density options in Toronto, Canada. -
Driving and the Built Environment: The Effects of Compact Development on Motorized Travel, Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions
Special Report 298, 2009by: Transportation Research BoardThis report asks whether compact development leads to motor vehicle energy conservation, measured in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and CO2 emissions. -
Growing Cooler: The Evidence on Urban Development and Climate Change
2007by: Reid Ewing, Keith Bartholomew, Steve WinkelmanThis book argues that compact land development patterns can help reduce vehicle greenhouse gas emissions. -
Climate Change, Density and Development: Better Understanding the Effects of Our Choices
2011by:This report urges planners to pause to consider the consequences of compact, mixed use development before promoting it as the only sustainable development option. -
Walk this Way: The Economic Promise of Walkable Places in Metropolitan Washington, D.C.
May 2012by: Christopher Leinberger, Mariela AlfonzoThis report makes the connection between walkability and economic measures like real estate value, transportation costs, and educational attainment in Washington, D.C. -
An Empirical Study of the Efficacy of Mixed-Use Development: The Seattle Experience
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, August 22–26, 2011by: James DeLisle, Terry GrissomThis article considers how to evaluate the success of a mixed use development. -
Affordable Housing and Walkable Neighborhoods: A National Urban Analysis
Cityscape, 17(2): 13 – 56, 2015by: Julia Koschinsky, Emily Talen, FAICPThis article measures the accessibility of housing in walkable urban neighborhoods by tracking the presence of tenants using HUD-assisted vouchers and project housing and by considering compromising factors. -
Are Compact Cities a Desirable Planning Goal?
Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(1): 95-106, 1997by: Peter Gordon, Harry RichardsonThis JAPA article questions the value of compact development, defined as macro- or micro-level population density or as a development pattern “oriented to downtown.” -
A Critique of The Costs of Sprawl
Journal of the American Planning Association, 45(3): 279-292, 1979by: Duane WindsorThis JAPA article critiques the assumptions related to suburban development made in the Real Estate Research Corporation’s The Costs of Sprawl.