Geopolitics of Clean Energy

Across the globe, different levels of government are trying to transition to clean energy and greener economies through trends such as net zero, decarbonization, and electrification. Estimates predict a massive decrease in the global oil market compared to other domestic energy sources, and in 2023, COP28 made history when nearly 200 countries agreed to begin the transition away from fossil fuels.

Global collaboration will still be needed for other resources to transition to renewables, however, and already constrained resources can create competition — and potentially conflict — among countries. For instance, the growing number of electric vehicles on our roads is expected to increase demand for graphite, lithium, and cobalt. President Trump's imposition of significant tariffs on China and other countries in 2025 is expected to further disrupt green industries by driving up costs for solar panels, batteries, electric vehicles, and other green technologies. But while climate change policies need global cooperation, the implementation of sustainable energy systems requires a local focus, which is where planners stand to play the largest role.