Heat and Smoke Days
About This Trend
Declining air quality due to wildfire smoke is having a measurable impact on students' cognitive and mental health, attendance, and outdoor recess time (and at the other end of the generational spectrum, it can increase dementia risk). Schools are adapting by using HEPA filters, wearing masks, and implementing other interventions to ensure student safety.
Heat has acute and long-term effects on both mental and physical health, and it is emerging as a significant burden for students. Studies show that high temperatures decrease student performance on tests and could affect high school graduation rates. And when temperatures surpass cooling capabilities, some schools are using "heat days" to shorten or cancel classes. Planners can partner with health and school officials to create policies addressing extreme heat and air quality issues in schools.
Trend Updates
Jan. 23, 2026 — 2025 Updates
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New research suggests those born in 2020 and beyond will experience “unprecedented lifetime exposure” to extreme heat, which will negatively affect health outcomes.
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A 2025 study found links between heat exposure and accelerated aging in older adults.
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A 2025 study found that extreme heat in Australia will worsen future mental health burdens for residents, with young people being most affected.
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Though extreme heat takes a toll on mental health, a 2025 study found that most heat-related action plans don’t take mental health into account.
Trend Category:
Climate Change, Energy, and the Environment
Timeframe: Act Now
As Seen in APA's Trend Report
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