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Worcester County, MD, Municipal Code
Updated November 2019The county's zoning code defines and establishes standards for small, medium, and large solar energy systems. -
Mountain View, CA, Code of Ordinances
Updated June 2020The city's zoning code exempts solar panels from zoning permit requirements if they meet specified standards; landscaping requirements consider solar access. -
Barnstable, MA, Muncipal Code
Updated January 2020This regulation belongs to the Solar Energy and Grayfields Reuse and Redevelopment collections. -
Great Falls, MT, Code of Ordinances
Updated June 2020This regulation belongs to the Solar Energy and Grayfields Reuse and Redevelopment collections. -
Valparaiso, IN, Unified Development Ordinance
2015The city's unified development ordinance requires owners of large retail establishments to meet with the city when the property becomes vacant. -
Peachtree City, GA, Code of Ordinances
Updated September 2020To prevent ghost boxes, Peachtree City requires that rental agreements for spaces over 10 thousand square feet include a provision that prevents the occupant from voluntarily vacating the premises while preventing the landlord from leasing the space to someone else. -
Whitewater, WI, Municipal Code
Updated August 2020The city's codified ordinances address grayfields reuse and redevelopment, solar energy, and tactical urbanism. -
Suffolk, VA, Unified Development Ordinance
Updated September 2020These regulations belong to the Grayfields Reuse and Redevelopment and Wind Energy collections. -
Bradenton, FL, Code of Ordinances
Updated September 2020The city's land use regulations list solar collectors as a permitted residential accessory use, and their Planned Redevelopment Project administrative approval incentivizes grayfield redevelopment. -
Hillsborough County, FL, Land Development Code
Updated February 2020The county's land development code allows primary use solar energy systems as a conditional use in several districts and provides development standards, and also features a commercial retrofit ordinance to facilitate grayfield redevelopment. -
Santa Ana, CA, Code of Ordinances
Updated July 2020The city's zoning code addresses form-based zoning, grayfields reuse and redevelopment, and transit-oriented development. -
Randolph Township, NJ, Land Development Ordinance
Updated September 2020The township’s land development code lays out a planned business center district that is intended to encourage redevelopment of underutilized shopping centers into a large-scale regional center. -
Salisbury, NC, Land Development Ordinance
Updated September 2020The city's land development ordinance's appendix A provides a regulatory framework for the East Innes Street Gateway Plan, a subarea plan intended to encourage and facilitate redevelopment of vacant and underutilized parcels. -
Lynden, WA, Municipal Code
Updated July 2020In Lynden, owners of vacant facilities over 25,000 square feet must provide a plan for maintenance of the site and avoidance of nuisances. -
Malls into Mainstreets: An In-depth Guide to Transforming Dead Malls into Communities
2005This report from the Congress for the New Urbanism is intended to serve as a manual for redeveloping nonviable shopping malls. -
Greyfields: The New Horizon for Infill and Higher Density Regeneration
2004by: Kenneth ChiltonThis report discusses the challenges of grayfield development and provides case examples of best practices. -
Ten Principles for Rethinking the Mall
2006by: Michael Beyard, Mary Beth Corrigan, Anita Kramer, Michael Pawlukiewicz, Alexa BachThis report from the Urban Land Institute is intended to help planners reorient their thinking about large scale redevelopment like mall sites. -
The ABCs of Redeveloping Existing Shopping Centers
Probate & Property, 2009by: Jordan James, James JordanThis article outlines the financial implications of redeveloping malls and shopping centers. -
From Grey to Green: Sustainable Practices for Redeveloping a Vacant Shopping Center
2010This report from the EPA explains the steps that can be taken to make grayfield redevelopment projects environmentally sustainable. -
Failing Malls: Getting to the Heart of the Issues
Places, 14(1), 2001by: Ellen Greenberg, FAICPThis article from the Congress for the New Urbanism discusses a study by PricewaterhouseCoopers that explained why malls were becoming grayfields. -
Creating the Missing Hub: How Today’s Suburbs Build Town Centers
Planning Commissioners Journal, 62, 2006by: Phil LangdonThis article looks at several examples of “town center” developments and identifies what makes projects successful. -
The End of the Strip?
Planning Commissioners Journal, 82, 2011by: Edward McMahonThis article explains the forces causing conventional car-oriented strip development to become less viable. -
Greyfields and Ghostboxes: Evolving Real Estate Challenges
Let’s Talk Business, 81, 2003by: Matt KuresThis short document defines “greyfield” and “ghostbox” and proceeds to describe several ways to address them. -
The Ghost-Box Dilemma: Communities Cope with Vacant Retail Property
Partners in Community and Economic Development, 15, November 2005by: Jessica FarrThis article looks at the impacts of ghost boxes on nearby communities, as well as the challenges to reusing these buildings. -
Time to Move
On Common Ground, 2004by: Jason MillerThis article looks at case examples of mall redevelopment to identify “right steps” for redevelopment. -
Bellevue, WA, Bel-Red Subarea Plan
2009This subarea plan from Bellevue, WA, is for a roughly 900 acre light industrial grayfield subarea. -
The Future of Abandoned Big Box Stores: Legal Solutions to the Legacies of Poor Planning Decisions
University of Colorado Law Review, 83, 471–548, 2012by: Sarah SchindlerThis article evaluates four possible alternative uses for vacant big box stores and provides guidance for local governments in evaluating these options and implementing them through zoning codes. -
Center-ing Our Suburbs
Planning Commissioners Journal, 22, 1996by: Richard UntermannThis article outlines several ways to improve grayfield sites during redevelopment through planning a design. -
Plymouth, MN, Four Seasons Mall Redevelopment Scenarios
2020This subarea plan from Plymouth presentation articulates four different redevelopment scenarios for a dead mall site. -
Dallas, TX, Mall Area Redevelopment Tax Increment Finance District: Project Plan & Reinvestment Zone Financing Plan
2015This plan from Dallas covers two subareas, each with its own dead mall. -
Titusville, FL, Miracle City Mall Redevelopment Plan
2007This mall redevelopment plan from Titusville, FL, breaks the superblock site into a mixed-use project calling for 114,200 square feet of retail and 490 residential units. -
Charlotte, NC, Eastland Area Plan
2003This subarea plan from Charlotte, NC, specifically cites outdated retail development as an issue to be addressed, including a mall with over one million square feet of space. -
Montgomery County, MD, White Flint Sector Plan
May 2020This subarea plan from Montgomery County is for a 430 acre area with a transit station in its center. -
Burlington, VT, Burlington Town Center
2018This mall redevelopment plan from Burlington proposes demolishing the mall to reconnect the street grid and developing a mixed-use center with 20% affordable housing. -
Wilmington, DE, Area Planning Council, North Claymont Area Master Plan
2017This subarea plan covers a large area with a waterfront and a wide mix of uses including a 41 acre dead mall site and a 425 acre former heavy industrial site. -
Montgomery County, PA, New Town Mixed Use District
2010This model ordinance belongs to the Built Environment and Health and Grayfields Reuse and Redevelopment collections. -
Cobb County, GA, Code of Ordinances
Updated January 2020This regulation belongs to the Age-Friendly Communities and Grayfields Reuse and Redevelopment collections. -
Agoura Hills, CA, Municipal Code
Updated February 2020Agoura Hills’ Commercial Shopping Center-Mixed Use District is intended to facilitate planned mixed-use shopping centers designed to reduce vehicle trips. -
Chelsea, MA, Code of Ordinances
Updated June 2020Chelsea has a Shopping Center Interim Planned Overlay District is intended to prevent poorly planned commercial development that might have negative impacts should economic trends change. -
Maine Gateway 1: Performance Standards for Large Scale Development
June 2006This model ordinance is preceded by discussion and visual examples of various elements for large-scale retail development. -
Ferndale, WA, Municipal Code
Updated September 2020The city's zoning code addresses the maintenance of vacant large-scale retail properties and addresses microcell wireless facilities. -
Lauderdale Lakes, FL, Land Development Regulations
Updated June 2020The Lauderdale Lakes, FL Land Development Regulations has a comprehensive planned unit development that is used principally to develop infill and grayfield sites. -
Grand Rapids, MN, City Code
Updated September 2020The city code of Grand Rapids, MN, requires that plans for retail buildings over 70,000 square feet demonstrate multi-tenant reuse potential. -
South Bend, IN, South Side Development Area Plan
2002This subarea plan from South Bend looks at multiple subareas, including a mall redevelopment site. -
Flushing, MI, Code of Flushing
2016Flushing provides tax abatements for investments of $20,000 in improvements of obsolete commercial property. -
Southfield, MI, Northland Concept Vision Redevelopment Plan
2016This mall redevelopment plan from Southfield, MI, breaks the site up into multiple “districts,” each with its own purpose. -
Cumru Township, PA, Zoning Ordinance
Updated February 2020Cumru Township’s Adaptive Reuse and Redevelopment Overlay District is intended, in part, to provide incentives that encourage the redevelopment of vacant commercial land. -
Moline, IL, Moline Code of Ordinances
Updated September 2020The city's zoning code permits attached and freestanding solar energy systems by right in all districts, subject to standards, but solar panel installations in historic districts require a special use permit. -
Montgomery Township, NJ, Municipal Code
Updated September 2020The township's zoning code contains a section with provisions to establish standards and limitations for the installation of solar and other photovoltaic systems. -
Lowville Town, NY, Town Code
Updated May 2020This town code defines and regulates small and principal use solar energy systems.